Brooklyn, New York is home to 318 Medicaid providers billing code T1019 — "personal care services per 15 minutes." Together, they've billed $31.8 billion between 2018 and 2024. That's more than the total Medicaid provider spending of 40 individual states.

The next closest city for T1019 billing is Manhattan at $7.5 billion — less than a quarter of Brooklyn's total. After that, the numbers drop fast: Stoughton, MA ($6.0B from just 5 providers), Flushing, NY ($4.0B), and the Bronx ($3.5B).

The Top Brooklyn T1019 Billers

Here are the 20 highest-billing T1019 providers in Brooklyn:

#	Provider	Total Paid	Beneficiaries	Codes Billed
1	AssistCareHome Healthcare Services	$1.44B	461,789	17
2	NAE Edison LLC	$1.11B	328,024	10
3	Heart to Heart Home Care, Inc.	$1.10B	377,858	9
4	Platinum Home Health Care Inc.	$865M	241,832	6
5	Home Family Care, Inc	$842M	250,306	6
6	Human Care LLC	$840M	227,232	7
7	A & J Staffing, Inc	$775M	264,684	4
8	All American Homecare Agency Inc.	$759M	231,057	4
9	S & A Unified Home Care, Inc.	$767M	202,920	7
10	Special Touch Home Care Services, Inc.	$745M	194,048	6
11	Five Star Home Health Care Agency	$740M	196,653	7
12	The Royal Care Inc	$737M	192,845	4
13	Americare, Inc.	$686M	177,738	10
14	Astra Home Care	$609M	189,602	6
15	Home Health Care Services of NY	$588M	131,659	5
16	Attentive Home Care Agency Inc	$536M	147,494	5
17	Community Home Care Referral Service, Inc.	$528M	141,994	5
18	People Care Incorporated	$521M	134,705	7
19	The Doral Investors Group / House Calls Home Care	$497M	145,305	6
20	S & A Unified Home Care, Inc.	$461M	141,887	4

A Pattern of Concentration

What stands out isn't the spending alone — it's the structure. Most of these providers bill only 4 to 7 total HCPCS codes, with 88% to 99% of their revenue from the single code T1019. They have generic, interchangeable names. Several share addresses or operate from the same small area. And there are hundreds of them.

This is the pattern that the HHS DOGE Medicaid dataset was released to expose. The Minnesota autism diagnosis fraud scheme — where providers systematically billed for fabricated therapies through shell companies — is the cited precedent. Brooklyn's personal care cluster matches the profile: entity proliferation with similar names and billing patterns concentrated in one geography.

To be clear: personal care services are a legitimate and necessary part of Medicaid. Many of these providers serve real patients with real needs. New York's Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP) has driven enormous growth in home care billing. But the sheer concentration — $31.8 billion from one borough, mostly through one billing code — warrants scrutiny.

T1019 Nationally

Brooklyn isn't the only place with heavy T1019 billing. Nationally, T1019 is the single most expensive billing code in the entire Medicaid system at $122.7 billion — more than double the #2 code. But the geographic concentration tells the story:

City	State	T1019 Providers	T1019 Spending
Brooklyn	NY	318	$31.8B
New York	NY	61	$7.5B
Stoughton, MA	MA	5	$6.0B
Flushing	NY	31	$4.0B
Bronx	NY	54	$3.5B
Forest Hills	NY	17	$3.1B
Latham	NY	1	$2.7B
Saint Louis	MO	435	$1.8B
Rego Park	NY	10	$1.5B
Washington	DC	28	$1.3B

The NYC metro area — Brooklyn, Manhattan, Flushing, Bronx, Forest Hills, Latham, Rego Park — accounts for roughly $55 billion of the $122.7 billion national total for this single code. That's 45% of all personal care spending in the country, flowing through one metropolitan area.

What This Data Shows (and Doesn't)

This dataset shows billing totals — who billed what, how much, and where. It does not show whether services were actually provided, whether patients actually needed them, or whether the billed amounts were reasonable. Those are questions for auditors, investigators, and the providers themselves.

What the data does show is a pattern that, historically, correlates with fraud risk: high concentration of billing in a single code, entity proliferation with generic names, and geographic clustering. Whether any individual provider is committing fraud is not something this data can determine. But the pattern is there for anyone to examine.

You can explore all Brooklyn Medicaid providers at medicaidspending.org/state/NY/BROOKLYN, or browse the national T1019 data at medicaidspending.org/code/T1019.