Dignity Health
Dignity Health was paid $28.49M by Medicaid between Jan 2018 and Dec 2024, across 250 billing codes. Its largest line is 99284, emergency room visit (serious) — 17% of everything it billed.
GILBERT, AZ 85296
Next to other Urgent Care Clinic/Center providers in Arizona
Peers share this provider's primary NPPES type and state. Size alone says nothing about billing quality: a big agency or a hospital system is expected to sit far above the median.
Auditor's notes
Automated statistical signals. Not evidence of fraud — how these are computed.
Paid by month
By year, as a table
| Year | Claims | Paid | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 140,310 | $4.40M | |
| 2019 | 137,192 | $4.39M | |
| 2020 | 107,371 | $3.46M | |
| 2021 | 131,509 | $3.99M | |
| 2022 | 144,073 | $4.68M | |
| 2023 | 143,972 | $4.40M | |
| 2024incomplete | 98,492 | $3.17M |
What it billed for
| Code | Service | Share | Claims | Bene. records | Paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99284 | Emergency room visit (serious)Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management, high severity | 17% | 28,490 | 25,929 | $4.71M |
| 74177 | Computed tomography, abdomen and pelvis; with contrast material | 15% | 7,768 | 7,273 | $4.15M |
| 99285 | Emergency room visit (most serious)Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management, high severity with immediate threat to life | 13% | 16,635 | 15,214 | $3.74M |
| 99283 | Emergency room visit (moderate)Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management, moderate severity | 9.0% | 18,723 | 17,552 | $2.55M |
| G0378 | Hospital observation service, per hour | 7.9% | 12,178 | 5,874 | $2.25M |
| 88305 | Level IV - Surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examination | 5.7% | 4,464 | 4,003 | $1.62M |
| 95811 | 3.6% | 1,823 | 1,765 | $1.04M | |
| 74176 | Computed tomography, abdomen and pelvis; without contrast material | 3.2% | 2,703 | 2,536 | $906K |
| 80307 | Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes; immunoassay | 3.2% | 7,856 | 6,227 | $903K |
| 71275 | Computed tomographic angiography, chest, with contrast material | 2.5% | 2,849 | 2,654 | $709K |
| 99211 | Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, minimal severity | 2.4% | 4,433 | 3,295 | $678K |
| 70450 | Computed tomography, head or brain; without contrast material | 1.8% | 6,810 | 6,334 | $509K |
238 more codes
| 96361 | Intravenous infusion, hydration; each additional hour | 1.5% | 8,622 | $427K |
| 72125 | Computed tomography, cervical spine; without contrast material | 1.3% | 1,376 | $376K |
| 43239 | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with biopsy, single or multiple | 1.2% | 1,908 | $342K |
| 95810 | Polysomnography; sleep staging with 4 or more additional parameters | 1.1% | 598 | $315K |
| 99202 | Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of a new patient, straightforward | <1% | 2,355 | $283K |
| 96375 | Therapeutic injection; each additional sequential IV push | <1% | 17,013 | $269K |
| 99282 | Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management, low to moderate severity | <1% | 4,179 | $242K |
| 43235 | <1% | 771 | $238K | |
| 45378 | Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) | <1% | 687 | $217K |
| 70498 | <1% | 558 | $172K | |
| 93306 | Echocardiography, transthoracic, real-time with image documentation, with and without Doppler, complete | <1% | 1,424 | $157K |
| 99212 | Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation and management of an established patient, straightforward | <1% | 2,572 | $128K |
| 80053 | Comprehensive metabolic panel | <1% | 47,426 | $127K |
| 99213 | Doctor's office visit, returning patient (routine) | <1% | 3,316 | $115K |
| 49083 | <1% | 521 | $101K | |
| P9047 | Infusion, albumin (human), 25%, 50 ml | <1% | 120 | $89K |
| 99291 | Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill patient, first 30-74 minutes | <1% | 95 | $86K |
| 97803 | <1% | 2,332 | $74K | |
| 99201 | <1% | 431 | $59K | |
| 96366 | Intravenous infusion, for therapy, prophylaxis, or diagnosis; each additional hour | <1% | 1,814 | $57K |
| 94640 | Pressurized or nonpressurized inhalation treatment for acute airway obstruction | <1% | 4,293 | $56K |
| 70496 | <1% | 669 | $56K | |
| 93971 | <1% | 1,539 | $53K | |
| U0003 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (dna or rna); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) (coronavirus disease [covid-19]), amplified probe technique, making use of high throughput technologies as described by cms-2020-01-r | <1% | 3,897 | $44K |
| 93970 | <1% | 205 | $41K | |
| 72131 | <1% | 275 | $40K | |
| 93005 | Electrocardiogram, routine ECG with at least 12 leads; tracing only, without interpretation and report | <1% | 21,438 | $39K |
| 96372 | Therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic injection; subcutaneous or intramuscular | <1% | 7,921 | $35K |
| 99203 | Doctor's office visit, new patient (routine) | <1% | 519 | $32K |
| 71046 | Radiologic examination, chest; 2 views | <1% | 7,467 | $29K |
| 73630 | <1% | 801 | $28K | |
| 84702 | <1% | 3,452 | $26K | |
| 87086 | Culture, bacterial; quantitative colony count, urine | <1% | 8,114 | $21K |
| 73130 | <1% | 302 | $17K | |
| 73610 | <1% | 283 | $17K | |
| 73562 | <1% | 373 | $17K | |
| 76700 | Ultrasound, abdominal, real time with image documentation; complete | <1% | 152 | $16K |
| 69436 | Tympanostomy (requiring insertion of ventilating tube), general anesthesia | <1% | 14 | $15K |
| 70486 | <1% | 95 | $15K | |
| 59025 | Fetal non-stress test | <1% | 6,928 | $12K |
| 96376 | <1% | 7,277 | $11K | |
| 97802 | <1% | 322 | $11K | |
| 96374 | Therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic injection; intravenous push, single or initial substance | <1% | 20,463 | $11K |
| 96365 | Intravenous infusion, for therapy, prophylaxis, or diagnosis; initial, up to 1 hour | <1% | 4,282 | $10K |
| 45380 | Colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multiple | <1% | 130 | $10K |
| 97804 | <1% | 192 | $10K | |
| 88304 | <1% | 673 | $9K | |
| 88307 | <1% | 192 | $8K | |
| 76856 | Ultrasound, pelvic (nonobstetric), real time with image documentation; complete | <1% | 2,462 | $8K |
| 76705 | Ultrasound, abdominal, real time with image documentation; limited | <1% | 2,414 | $8K |
| 93976 | <1% | 3,501 | $7K | |
| 70551 | Magnetic resonance imaging, brain; without contrast material | <1% | 130 | $6K |
| 74174 | <1% | 17 | $6K | |
| 99215 | Doctor's office visit, returning patient (complex) | <1% | 236 | $6K |
| 76819 | Fetal biophysical profile; without non-stress testing | <1% | 208 | $6K |
| J7030 | Infusion, normal saline solution , 1000 cc | <1% | 26,100 | $5K |
| 99214 | Doctor's office visit, returning patient (more involved) | <1% | 98 | $5K |
| 87880 | Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay; Streptococcus, group A | <1% | 2,769 | $5K |
| 0241U | Neonatal screening for hereditary disorders, genomic sequence analysis panel | <1% | 6,961 | $5K |
| 85025 | Blood count; complete (CBC), automated, and automated differential WBC count | <1% | 49,548 | $4K |
| C1769 | Guide wire | <1% | 1,544 | $4K |
| 83690 | <1% | 17,476 | $4K | |
| 71260 | Computed tomography, thorax, diagnostic; with contrast material | <1% | 72 | $4K |
| 73110 | <1% | 192 | $4K | |
| 73030 | <1% | 438 | $3K | |
| J3490 | Unclassified drugs | <1% | 37,116 | $3K |
| 80048 | Basic metabolic panel (calcium, ionized) | <1% | 8,574 | $3K |
| 87635 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid; SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), amplified probe | <1% | 1,345 | $3K |
| 76815 | Ultrasound, pregnant uterus, real time with image documentation, limited | <1% | 1,115 | $3K |
| 87040 | <1% | 4,384 | $3K | |
| 84703 | <1% | 12,683 | $3K | |
| J0696 | Injection, ceftriaxone sodium, per 250 mg | <1% | 3,812 | $3K |
| 76817 | Ultrasound, pregnant uterus, real time with image documentation, transvaginal | <1% | 465 | $3K |
| 71045 | Radiologic examination, chest; single view | <1% | 13,142 | $3K |
| 82248 | <1% | 439 | $2K | |
| 80061 | Lipid panel | <1% | 2,188 | $2K |
| 96360 | Intravenous infusion, hydration; initial, 31 minutes to 1 hour | <1% | 2,539 | $2K |
| 76830 | Ultrasound, transvaginal | <1% | 1,852 | $2K |
| A9270 | Non-covered item or service | <1% | 12,140 | $2K |
| 87070 | <1% | 1,183 | $2K | |
| 84443 | Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | <1% | 5,458 | $2K |
| 81001 | <1% | 19,430 | $2K | |
| G0463 | Hospital outpatient clinic visit for assessment and management of a patient | <1% | 76 | $2K |
| Q9967 | Low osmolar contrast material, 300-399 mg/ml iodine concentration, per ml | <1% | 11,501 | $2K |
| 36415 | Collection of venous blood by venipuncture | <1% | 55,513 | $1K |
| 84484 | <1% | 14,746 | $1K | |
| 74018 | <1% | 196 | $1K | |
| 83735 | <1% | 12,661 | $1K | |
| 83605 | <1% | 7,306 | $1K | |
| 86850 | <1% | 3,480 | $1K | |
| 99281 | Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management, self-limited or minor | <1% | 30 | $1K |
| 83880 | <1% | 3,624 | $909.49 | |
| 45385 | Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) | <1% | 13 | $857.90 |
| 76942 | <1% | 15 | $831.46 | |
| 87591 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid; Neisseria gonorrhoeae, amplified probe | <1% | 1,187 | $730.43 |
| 94010 | <1% | 82 | $643.20 | |
| J2405 | Injection, ondansetron hydrochloride, per 1 mg | <1% | 20,575 | $637.17 |
| 87491 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid; Chlamydia trachomatis, amplified probe | <1% | 1,143 | $627.41 |
| J2274 | Injection, morphine sulfate, preservative-free for epidural or intrathecal use, 10 mg | <1% | 1,368 | $605.02 |
| 87502 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid, influenza virus, for multiple types or subtypes, includes all targets | <1% | 1,361 | $570.73 |
| 76801 | <1% | 721 | $536.43 | |
| 85379 | <1% | 3,240 | $514.66 | |
| J7120 | Ringers lactate infusion, up to 1000 cc | <1% | 12,274 | $471.45 |
| J3475 | Injection, magnesium sulfate, per 500 mg | <1% | 750 | $444.56 |
| 82728 | <1% | 405 | $417.10 | |
| J1885 | Injection, ketorolac tromethamine, per 15 mg | <1% | 9,211 | $395.57 |
| 81025 | <1% | 4,250 | $387.72 | |
| 85027 | <1% | 6,781 | $386.42 | |
| J7050 | Infusion, normal saline solution, 250 cc | <1% | 1,412 | $380.47 |
| J2704 | Injection, propofol, 10 mg | <1% | 9,407 | $369.60 |
| G0379 | Direct admission of patient for hospital observation care | <1% | 13 | $360.59 |
| 86635 | <1% | 45 | $354.48 | |
| 87186 | <1% | 1,714 | $347.62 | |
| 85730 | <1% | 9,656 | $338.72 | |
| J2270 | Injection, morphine sulfate, up to 10 mg | <1% | 10,701 | $273.28 |
| 81003 | <1% | 7,461 | $262.19 | |
| 82962 | <1% | 12,699 | $258.99 | |
| J1100 | Injection, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, 1 mg | <1% | 6,581 | $238.40 |
| 85610 | <1% | 12,997 | $231.35 | |
| J1644 | Injection, heparin sodium, per 1000 units | <1% | 3,181 | $212.31 |
| 87804 | Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay; Influenza, each type | <1% | 275 | $210.70 |
| 87077 | <1% | 2,172 | $206.36 | |
| 71250 | <1% | 14 | $193.41 | |
| J2060 | Injection, lorazepam, 2 mg | <1% | 2,530 | $176.35 |
| 84100 | <1% | 2,659 | $175.42 | |
| 90715 | <1% | 253 | $164.53 | |
| 87634 | <1% | 911 | $160.16 | |
| 87400 | <1% | 1,244 | $149.73 | |
| J0780 | Injection, prochlorperazine, up to 10 mg | <1% | 1,659 | $146.85 |
| 82803 | <1% | 352 | $131.74 | |
| J1200 | Injection, diphenhydramine hcl, up to 50 mg | <1% | 4,505 | $117.08 |
| 86900 | <1% | 4,010 | $101.74 | |
| 86141 | <1% | 1,563 | $100.96 | |
| 82550 | <1% | 3,063 | $97.51 | |
| 86308 | <1% | 39 | $88.96 | |
| 86901 | <1% | 4,006 | $87.85 | |
| 84145 | <1% | 1,134 | $87.82 | |
| 87420 | <1% | 324 | $81.65 | |
| J1650 | Injection, enoxaparin sodium, 10 mg | <1% | 3,785 | $76.09 |
| 97162 | <1% | 488 | $65.75 | |
| U0005 | Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (dna or rna); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) (coronavirus disease [covid-19]), amplified probe technique, cdc or non-cdc, making use of high throughput technologies, completed within 2 calendar days from date of specimen collection (list separately in addition to either hcpcs code u0003 or u0004) as described by cms-2020-01-r2 | <1% | 2,589 | $64.88 |
| 87075 | <1% | 107 | $64.33 | |
| J1170 | Injection, hydromorphone, up to 4 mg | <1% | 3,200 | $60.13 |
| J0360 | Injection, hydralazine hcl, up to 20 mg | <1% | 386 | $59.62 |
| C9113 | Injection, pantoprazole sodium, per vial | <1% | 1,571 | $56.79 |
| J7040 | Infusion, normal saline solution, sterile (500 ml = 1 unit) | <1% | 1,407 | $54.94 |
| 97530 | Therapeutic activities, direct patient contact, each 15 minutes | <1% | 495 | $54.75 |
| 97161 | <1% | 221 | $54.39 | |
| 83036 | Hemoglobin; glycosylated (A1C) | <1% | 2,456 | $52.96 |
| 85007 | <1% | 2,960 | $45.74 | |
| 86592 | <1% | 274 | $33.09 | |
| 90471 | Immunization administration (includes percutaneous, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injections), 1 vaccine | <1% | 642 | $25.05 |
| A9579 | Injection, gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agent, not otherwise specified (nos), per ml | <1% | 106 | $23.40 |
| 84132 | <1% | 359 | $20.31 | |
| J2765 | Injection, metoclopramide hcl, up to 10 mg | <1% | 3,916 | $20.13 |
| J2250 | Injection, midazolam hydrochloride, per 1 mg | <1% | 4,732 | $18.91 |
| 97166 | <1% | 282 | $18.19 | |
| 85652 | <1% | 931 | $13.86 | |
| J1956 | Injection, levofloxacin, 250 mg | <1% | 241 | $12.83 |
| J7512 | Prednisone, immediate release or delayed release, oral, 1 mg | <1% | 553 | $12.00 |
| J3010 | Injection, fentanyl citrate, 0.1 mg | <1% | 8,910 | $10.89 |
| Q0114 | Fern test | <1% | 636 | $9.98 |
| 84439 | <1% | 150 | $9.14 | |
| J2930 | Injection, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, up to 125 mg | <1% | 345 | $7.98 |
| 87210 | <1% | 103 | $7.67 | |
| J2710 | Injection, neostigmine methylsulfate, up to 0.5 mg | <1% | 747 | $5.79 |
| 82570 | <1% | 796 | $5.31 | |
| J1815 | Injection, insulin, per 5 units | <1% | 3,006 | $4.16 |
| 84550 | <1% | 798 | $4.01 | |
| J0690 | Injection, cefazolin sodium, 500 mg | <1% | 2,590 | $3.04 |
| J1630 | Injection, haloperidol, up to 5 mg | <1% | 321 | $0.94 |
| J0330 | Injection, succinylcholine chloride, up to 20 mg | 0% | 772 | $0.00 |
| J3480 | Injection, potassium chloride, per 2 meq | 0% | 836 | $0.00 |
| J2175 | Injection, meperidine hydrochloride, per 100 mg | 0% | 1,028 | $0.00 |
| 82150 | 0% | 187 | $0.00 | |
| 82553 | 0% | 95 | $0.00 | |
| 82607 | 0% | 296 | $0.00 | |
| J1790 | Injection, droperidol, up to 5 mg | 0% | 636 | $0.00 |
| 88342 | 0% | 697 | $0.00 | |
| 83615 | 0% | 570 | $0.00 | |
| G8987 | Self care functional limitation, current status, at therapy episode outset and at reporting intervals | 0% | 160 | $0.00 |
| J0131 | Injection, acetaminophen, not otherwise specified,10 mg | 0% | 114 | $0.00 |
| A9585 | Injection, gadobutrol, 0.1 ml | 0% | 60 | $0.00 |
| J1642 | Injection, heparin sodium, (heparin lock flush), per 10 units | 0% | 123 | $0.00 |
| 82746 | 0% | 252 | $0.00 | |
| 87205 | 0% | 1,420 | $0.00 | |
| M0243 | Intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection, casirivimab and imdevimab includes infusion or injection, and post administration monitoring | 0% | 51 | $0.00 |
| G8988 | Self care functional limitation, projected goal status, at therapy episode outset, at reporting intervals, and at discharge or to end reporting | 0% | 160 | $0.00 |
| 99153 | Mod sedat endo service >5yrs | 0% | 290 | $0.00 |
| 90686 | 0% | 152 | $0.00 | |
| 82306 | Vitamin D; 25 hydroxy, includes fraction(s), if performed | 0% | 217 | $0.00 |
| 81005 | 0% | 219 | $0.00 | |
| 97535 | Self-care/home management training, each 15 minutes | 0% | 201 | $0.00 |
| P9612 | Catheterization for collection of specimen, single patient, all places of service | 0% | 253 | $0.00 |
| J2543 | Injection, piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium, 1 gram/0.125 grams (1.125 grams) | 0% | 157 | $0.00 |
| 72128 | 0% | 25 | $0.00 | |
| 97165 | 0% | 42 | $0.00 | |
| 87428 | 0% | 103 | $0.00 | |
| J2305 | Injection, nitroglycerin, 5 mg | 0% | 15 | $0.00 |
| 92523 | 0% | 15 | $0.00 | |
| G0008 | Administration of influenza virus vaccine | 0% | 15 | $0.00 |
| A9500 | Technetium tc-99m sestamibi, diagnostic, per study dose | 0% | 14 | $0.00 |
| 99152 | 0% | 781 | $0.00 | |
| J1953 | Injection, levetiracetam, 10 mg | 0% | 30 | $0.00 |
| G8996 | Swallowing functional limitation, current status at therapy episode outset and at reporting intervals | 0% | 34 | $0.00 |
| C1729 | Catheter, drainage | 0% | 1,110 | $0.00 |
| 83540 | 0% | 210 | $0.00 | |
| 89051 | 0% | 274 | $0.00 | |
| G8978 | Mobility: walking & moving around functional limitation, current status, at therapy episode outset and at reporting intervals | 0% | 205 | $0.00 |
| C1894 | Introducer/sheath, other than guiding, other than intracardiac electrophysiological, non-laser | 0% | 739 | $0.00 |
| 82140 | 0% | 75 | $0.00 | |
| 84156 | 0% | 889 | $0.00 | |
| 85384 | 0% | 354 | $0.00 | |
| 84466 | 0% | 208 | $0.00 | |
| J0171 | Injection, adrenalin, epinephrine, 0.1 mg | 0% | 1,147 | $0.00 |
| J0665 | Injection, bupivicaine, not otherwise specified, 0.5 mg | 0% | 350 | $0.00 |
| Q0244 | Injection, casirivimab and imdevimab, 1200 mg | 0% | 50 | $0.00 |
| G8979 | Mobility: walking & moving around functional limitation, projected goal status, at therapy episode outset, at reporting intervals, and at discharge or to end reporting | 0% | 204 | $0.00 |
| J2919 | Injection, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5 mg | 0% | 14 | $0.00 |
| J2550 | Injection, promethazine hcl, up to 50 mg | 0% | 134 | $0.00 |
| J1171 | Injection, hydromorphone, 0.1 mg | 0% | 31 | $0.00 |
| G8989 | Self care functional limitation, discharge status, at discharge from therapy or to end reporting | 0% | 12 | $0.00 |
| 92610 | 0% | 51 | $0.00 | |
| J3370 | Injection, vancomycin hcl, 500 mg | 0% | 133 | $0.00 |
| J2800 | Injection, methocarbamol, up to 10 ml | 0% | 25 | $0.00 |
| A9575 | Injection, gadoterate meglumine, 0.1 ml | 0% | 16 | $0.00 |
| 84425 | 0% | 13 | $0.00 | |
| J1596 | Injection, glycopyrrolate, 0.1 mg | 0% | 32 | $0.00 |
| 83970 | 0% | 29 | $0.00 | |
| G8997 | Swallowing functional limitation, projected goal status, at therapy episode outset, at reporting intervals, and at discharge or to end reporting | 0% | 35 | $0.00 |
| 82010 | 0% | 40 | $0.00 | |
| 73590 | 0% | 13 | $0.00 | |
| Q9961 | High osmolar contrast material, 250-299 mg/ml iodine concentration, per ml | 0% | 43 | $0.00 |
| C1887 | Catheter, guiding (may include infusion/perfusion capability) | 0% | 15 | $0.00 |
| 97163 | 0% | 69 | $0.00 | |
| 93017 | 0% | 13 | $0.00 | |
| C1758 | Catheter, ureteral | 0% | 13 | $0.00 |
| 82565 | 0% | 12 | $0.00 |
Claims and beneficiary counts add up across code × month rows, so one patient seen every month counts many times. Rows with fewer than 12 claims are suppressed by HHS, so small lines can be missing.
Who's on the registration
| Provider | Location | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| Dignity Health | San Bernardino, CA | $133.09M |
| Dignity Health | Phoenix, AZ | $126.19M |
| Dignity Health | Bakersfield, CA | $109.22M |
| Dignity Health | Merced, CA | $106.54M |
| Dignity Health | Carmichael, CA | $97.28M |
| Dignity Health | Oxnard, CA | $96.24M |
| Dignity Health | Redding, CA | $92.21M |
| Dignity Health | Long Beach, CA | $59.98M |
| Dignity Health | Sacramento, CA | $45.52M |
| Dignity Health | Folsom, CA | $45.14M |
| Dignity Health | Red Bluff, CA | $39.92M |
| Dignity Health | Santa Cruz, CA | $33.59M |
| Dignity Health | Glendale, AZ | $26.30M |
| Dignity Health | Henderson, NV | $18.73M |
| Dignity Health | Mount Shasta, CA | $15.62M |
| Dignity Health | Henderson, NV | $8.52M |
| Dignity Health | Las Vegas, NV | $7.93M |
| Dignity Health | Camarillo, CA | $6.31M |
| Dignity Health | Santa Maria, CA | $5.79M |
| Dignity Health | Corning, CA | $3.24M |
Matched on the authorized-official name exactly as entered in NPPES. A common name can match unrelated people.